An Unbiased Perspective on Internship Abroad Essay Samples

An Unbiased Perspective on Internship Abroad Essay Samples The Argument About Internship Abroad Essay Samples Professors need to schedule hours to meet up with students. Internships are an exciting opportunity that everybody should benefit from. College students are needed to render internship. Mention precisely the sorts of activities in which you hope to get involved. Projects Give the facts of academic projects you undertook. Paper or research undertaking. The one difference between email and paper letters is the way you list the contact details. If you wish to send a sample of a bigger document, choose a 2-5 page section and introduce it using a paragraph that puts the selection into the suitable context. A recommendation letter also needs to be attached, if possible from a respectable teacher. In your cover letter, you must explain what makes you a well-qualified applicant for a particular position with a distinctive firm. Essay or motivation letter offers you an opportunity to express your urge to work as an intern for particular company, school, or university. College loans are typically the last resort of students for them to be in a position to visit college. Headlines are important since they're the first attention-grabbers. The internship cover letter should focus more on what you would like to do, rather than that which you've done. If you are interested in an internship offer by January of next calendar year, you should begin with your research six months ahead. At least when you finally choose to visit college, you're going to be more than delighted to cover each one of the expenses since you are aware that it is all worth it. Generally, higher school students have a tendency to concentrate on their club participation whilst college students often incorporate major class projects. Understanding of critical components of succeeding from the very inception will cause the life targets and plans formation. Bear in mind, a sensible leader should always have a backup program. Unlike the majority of my peers, my goals are set for a little while. Instead, the target of an objective is to explain what you bring to the table and the way you are able to help the business meet its objectives. If your school has such a middle, then you can readily request support! For instance, if the listing states the intern needs to get excellent time management skills, include a good example of how you have demonstrated time management skills previously. As you will probably have minimum expert experience, don't hesitate to fill your education section with a plethora of information. Possessing a worldwide education will further my education because I never had the chance to have the remaining portion of the world. Doctors are almost always busy, and it might be a while till they get yours done. Early research and application is crucial. Was the questbridge program isn't uncomplicated. Compose your essay in how it will satisfy the term count and make sure that you don't go overboard. An essay could be somewhat like a motivational letter and it ought to be not less than 250 words. You don't need to go distracted from the general point of the essay. So, now that your study abora d essay is done, it's time to begin thinking about where it is you wish to go! Computers generally speaking, and the on-line world particularly, required reasonable English abilities and if paying attention were a great way to learn. There's a greater chance you will accomplish your aims by writing them down. My greatest fear was that I wouldn't have the ability to go far in my life or experience precisely what the world had to offer you. Paying jobs are insufficient factors The career marketplace is perpetually evolving. In order to acquire an internship, you might be requested to compose an essay with your application. Rather than claiming you're applying to obtain more experience, you ought to go into detail and mention specific set of skills you want to develop during internship. Put the same quantity of work in your study abroad application. Most students hit a wall when it regards the expert experience section since they just don't have relevant work experience.

Whole Foods Market Strategy Elements - 1888 Words

The chief elements of strategy being pursued by Whole Foods Market (WFM) began with setting the direction in which the company wanted to focus it s attention and developing the core values upon which they would base their operations. According to the case study from our text, WFM clearly chose to specialize in a particular market: natural and organic foods (Thompson, Jr. et al. 2010, p. C-2). Once they successfully established themselves as a local market, the company focused their resources on growth. They began to open additional stores and within 12 years of it s inception, WFM became a public company (Thompson, Jr. et al. 2010, p. C-6). In doing so, the company displayed their ability to be flexible in their strategy while†¦show more content†¦The importance of our food supply, the health and wellness of our people, and the future of our planet rests in the hands of the people who inhabit the earth. We are the only ones who can make a difference in the sustainabilit y of the world as we know it. In their Core Values statement, Whole Foods stresses a commitment to the â€Å"highest quality natural and organic products available.† While I found some blogs and articles that cited things such as a compromise of the integrity of Whole Foods by stating â€Å"that they have given up the fight opposing mass commercialization of genetically modified crops [GMOs]† (Anna Essie, 2010), but the blog fails to report the source of their information. A few posts responses were added in early 2011, a couple of which disagreed or disproved the allegation. Since that time, no further posts have been added. I found an article on an ABC Exposà © about products sold by WFM labeled as being a product of China (Elephant, February 20, 2010). The article concerned itself with the idea of using local farmers instead of importing foods from China. One accusation was that it wasn t possible to label and guarantee the products as organic or natural. A spokesperson for Whole Foods disputed the accusations with facts about imported goods being inspected and certified to USDA standards for organic and natural foods. WFM certainly doesn t hide the fact that they support the third-world countries they do businessShow MoreRelatedWhole Foods1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010 Core Values and Strategy Wilmington University Name: Whitney Newman Date 1/13/13 Overview: Provide a brief overview of the company. Include such details as its history, present day situation, and any other pertinent information you think is helpful in understanding the company (points 5) * Whole Foods Market was founded in 1980 working with natural and healthy foods in Austin, Texas; it’s one of the world’s largest of natural and organic foods supermarkets. In 2009Read MoreWhole Foods1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010 Core Values and Strategy Wilmington University Name: Whitney Newman Date 1/13/13 Overview: Provide a brief overview of the company. Include such details as its history, present day situation, and any other pertinent information you think is helpful in understanding the company (points 5) * Whole Foods Market was founded in 1980 working with natural and healthy foods in Austin, Texas; it’s one of the world’s largest of natural and organic foods supermarkets. InRead MoreWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy1045 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? The chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing are providing foods labeled natural and organic. Whole Foods executes that by offers the highest quality, least processed, most flavorful naturally preserved and fresh foods available. 2. Is Whole Foods’ strategy well matched to market conditions in the food retailing industryRead MoreOlivers Market Case Essay780 Words   |  4 PagesOliver’s Market 1) One key element of Oliver’s Market strategy is to be the finest local gourmet and natural food store in the marketplace, which takes the respective customer base into consideration. That is why the store in Santa Rosa has been set up differently so as to match the more upscale clientele. Another important element of their strategy is the emphasis on delivering value to their customers amongst the perception of quality. In order to stay competitive, Oliver’s Market adoptedRead MoreCase 14 Whole Foods1118 Words   |  5 PagesCASE 14 – WHOLE FOODS Whole Foods is a retailer that specializes in organic foods and it has done an excellent job of determining its target market and how to position itself. Instead of going head to head with large food retailers such as Wal-Mart, Whole Foods has found a niche market that works perfectly for itself. This niche market is one that prides itself on being health conscious and environmentally responsible and Whole Foods has done a great job of positioning itself in the same way throughRead MoreEssay on Whole Foods Market in 20101265 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Whole Foods Market in 2010: Vision, Core Values and Strategy Submitted for MGT 622 (Section 90) Strategic Management Dr. Tara Davis By: Michael Bond May 26, 2013 As you read about Whole Foods and their specific strategies what struck you as positives and/or negatives. Are there certain strategic elements that were particularly insightful about what Whole Foods does? Are there any glaring weaknesses that could jeopardize their success? â€Å"Whole Foods Market was foundedRead MoreCase Study Whole Foods1155 Words   |  5 Pageschief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Fresh natural and organic foods and products with no preservatives or artificial ingredients. Promote healthier eating/lifestyle and increasing consumer knowledge/education of food safety, environment and how pesticides affect the land as well as the human body. 2. Is the strategy well matched to recent developments and conditions in the natural and organic foods segment of the food retailing industry? Yes the Whole Foods strategyRead MoreCase Study(Whole Foods)1481 Words   |  6 Pages1.) The Whole Foods strategy seeks to provide products of the best quality to its customers by maintaining high standards that the farmers, organic growers must match. The strategy also involves providing best tasting food and foods that are fresh, wholesome and safe to eat. It also involves promoting organically grown foods to exercise their influence on the people and the industry. Customers are the most important stakeholders responsible for the growth of Whole Foods Market, thus satisfying theirRead MoreWhole Foods Market: Business Overview1347 Words   |  5 PagesWhole Foods Market began in 1970 as a local supermarket. Over the past 31 years, Whole Foods Market has grown from a single store in Austin, Texas, to becoming one of the worldwide leaders in providing consumers with natural and organic foods. They have grown to over 300 stores in both North America and the United Kingdom. (Whole Fo ods Market, Inc., 2011) This report examines the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market has put into place. Also, it uses past financial data to provideRead MoreWhole Foods : It s Incredible Rise Over The Past 34 Years872 Words   |  4 PagesEXECUTION Whole Foods’ incredible rise over the past 34 years serves as evidence of their considerable ability to create a strategy and successfully execute it. Whole Foods differentiated itself by becoming the first Certified Organic grocer in the United States (1) and has stuck to the strategy of selling consumers organic and natural products. The successful execution of this strategy has allowed them to charge a premium for their products giving them higher net margins than nearly all of their

The Overthrow Of A Corrupted Government In free essay sample

Orwell # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Animal Farm # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper In the novel, Animal Farm the characters, portrayed as animate beings show the impairment of moral regulations that relate to human activities. George Orwell demonstrates the physical overthrow of a corrupted authorities. The animate beings agree on a rebellion with the worlds, throw outing Mr. Jones from the farm. The farm alterations and their regulations are being broken to suit the demands of the hogs. Besides, the new authorities on Animal Farm corrupts and changes the lives of all the characters. Furthermore, the animate beings wanted to be free and back up each other. Old Major, a well-thought-of Sus scrofa, taught the animate beings to make for freedom and to detest world: # 8220 ; It is summed up in a individual word-Man. Man is the lone existent enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hungriness and overwork is abolished forever. We will write a custom essay sample on The Overthrow Of A Corrupted Government In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; ( 4 ) With this new strength, the animate beings have a rebellion with the worlds and won. They start a new life on carnal farm with regulations to populate by listed as the seven commandments. Although, their life began altering before their eyes, the animate beings did non see the power of the hogs. Colbourne 2 Bonaparte and the remainder of the hogs labelled themselves the highest authorization. The remainder of the animate beings listened, and followed their opinions: Napoleon was now neer spoken of merely as # 8216 ; Napoleon # 8217 ; . He was ever referred to in formal manner as # 8216 ; our Leader, lt ;< p>Comrade Napoleon’ , and the hogs liked to contrive for him such rubrics as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheepfold, Ducklings # 8217 ; friend, and the similar. ( 62 ) Although the animate beings did non see it, Napoleon was responsible for the irregular change of the farm from its original province. Bonaparte dictated to the animate beings to suit his demands. Therefore, the actions of the animate beings, become slave-like. Besides, the seven commandments change dramatically and the subject of # 8216 ; Four legs good, two legs bad # 8217 ; , changed to Four legs good, two legs better! The hogs now were walking on two legs, dressed in human vesture, and associated with people: # 8220 ; It did non look unusual when Napoleon was seen sauntering in the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth-no, non even when the hogs took Mr. Jone # 8217 ; s apparels out of the closets and set them on. # 8221 ; ( 90 ) The remainder of the animate beings still did the labor, and the soiled work on the farm. The farm was altering from carnal opinion to human battle. The sudden alteration of the commandment # 8220 ; all animate beings are equal # 8221 ; , to # 8220 ; some animate beings are more equal than others # 8221 ; , change the overall position of the animate beings new freedom. The animate beings rebellion get down out as the controlled authorities of the hogs. In favor of the new system the hogs conduct unjustness activity. In general, Orwell showed the overthrow of a corrupted authorities conveying a moral through a fable.

The Growth of Juliet Essay Example For Students

The Growth of Juliet Essay Both Romeo and Juliet obtain much growth throughout the play Romeoand Juliet. There are many different kinds of growth, whether physical,emotional etc. Yet Juliet obtains the most growth that is significant tothe play. The play is about many new experiences occurring to a familythat is used to old, die-hard violence, therefore experiential growth ismost important. Juliet is the central protagonist of the play because sheobtains more experiential growth than Romeo does. Juliet obtains the most growth mentally because she is a thirteen-year-old girl who has not yet escaped the protective wall of her family,unlike Romeo, who is already a free-minded roamer in a sense. For example,Lady Capulet says, Well, think of marriage now. Younger than you, here inVerona, ladies of esteem, are already made mothers. (I iii 75-77) This isshowing that the mother is forcing the issue of marriage upon Juliet whenshe is only thirteen. Also, Capulet says, Doth she not give us thanks?Is she not proud? (III iiiii 147-148) This shows that Juliet has grownmentally, or has started making decisions on her own, since Capulet isangry with her for refusing Paris. We will write a custom essay on The Growth of Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Juliet also gains more growth than Romeo does physically. Most malesin that time have much uncontrolled sexual activity. An example is whenSampson says, I willthrust his maids to the wall. Romeo, being maleand a few years above puberty, has experience already with sexual activity,(not sex, just activity) Juliet is completely new at the entire concept,just having reached puberty. Also, Romeo has had physical feelings forother girls before. For example, he says, Show me a mistress that haspassing fare; (I i 243) Here he has already fallen in love with Rosalynand is soon to find Juliet. Juliet had not experienced physical attractionthat we know of before Romeo. Juliet has also gained more spiritual growth than Romeo has spiritualhaving to do with religion, good or bad. Neither Romeo nor Juliet seemedto be devoutly religious in the beginning, yet the closer to the end of theplay, the more spiritual Juliet becomes. For example, Juliet says Whatdevil art thou that dost torment me thus? This torture should be roared indismal hell. (III ii 49-50) Now this may not be very good spiritually,yet Juliet has gained a little non-holy spunk after meeting Romeo. Also,when the Friar says, Come. Ill dispose of thee among a sisterhood ofholy nuns. Stay not to question for the watch is coming. (V iii 161-163)Juliet responds negatively, refusing to become a nun. This is a spiritualdecision made by Juliet. While both Romeo and Juliet gain much growth, Juliet gains moreexperiential growth, which is more relative to the play. Since a centralprotagonist is the character that gains the most growth, and Juliet gainsthe most experiential growth, Juliet is the protagonist of the play.

The Holocaust Essay Example

The Holocaust Essay Example The Holocaust Essay The Holocaust Essay Reading Anne Franks Diary ND The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, can cause many to become intrigued about what could cause such an event to happen and devastated about the terrible things people unfortunately had to go through, if they didnt die beforehand. What many people havent thought about greatly until now is how it has affected society today. The question Analyses the impact that the Holocaust has had on society today will explore the thoughts and opinions that different countries, groups and/or Individuals have on the event, and how It has affected/ls affecting the second and third generations of Holocaust survivors today. For many people, the Holocaust caused them to lose their friends, families, homes and Jobs and for most others, It cost them their lives. We know that the first generation of survivors actually experienced the Holocaust and lived through the hardships but what many people dont know is that the Holocaust still lives on today, in the stories held in peoples hearts, told to them by parents or grandparents. Another question we must ask ourselves is the youth of today being told the Jews story? Are they aware of the devastating event that took place in the years between 1 933 and 1945? In this essay, the many ways that the Holocaust has impacted society today through the use of texts, aural stories, photos and even films will be explored. An explanation of how the aftermath of the Holocaust still lives on, and will do for many more years to come as it is not something that Is easily forgotten will also be given. It will explore different peoples thoughts and answers to the question. The Information In this essay heads to show that the Holocaust Is not something that has Just affected a handful of people and has been easily forgotten but that the devastation lives on through the world in many different forms and is something that most people regret. Essay The content within this essay will be analyzing the impact that the Holocaust has had on society today. It is already known all around the world that the first generation of Holocaust survivors went through a massive ordeal; losing their families, friends, homes, belongings and for many, unfortunately their lives. But what is not as clear to everyone Is how the Holocaust has affected society today. The second and third generations of survivors; the children and grandchildren of the victims, who are told and passed along stories and information that causes many to breakdown. Even how he children of today deal with the Information they are taught In History lessons at school. The Holocaust, led by Doll Hitler and the Nazis was one of the worst events race which consisted of blonde haired and blue eyed people), he near to exterminated the entire Jewish race. He stereotypically excluded them from public places such as shopping centers and theatres, forced them out of their homes, kicked them out of their Jobs and rounded them up like herds of sheep to live in places like ghettos; before sending them off to work camps or on a holiday where they would either be forced into slave labor or murdered. Many people say that the Holocaust was one of the worst genocides to be witnessed by the world. 67% of the total population of Jews in Europe, which equals to roughly 6 million Jews, were murdered in the Final Solution. The Final Solution, named due to the fact that it was Hitters last resort of getting Jews out of Europe, happened within World War II in 1945. When the Germans started to occupy the different countries within Europe they believed that they were the superior race and that no-one was greater than them. This does not dismiss the fact that they still felt threatened by the Jewish race and lived that the Jews were attempting to steal their Jobs and homes, thus starting the stereotypes surrounding Jews as the bad guys. Not only were Jews targeted but Gypsies, homosexuals and disabled people were also targeted. Hitler pretty much wanted to delete all abominations from under his rule. Jews were forced to wear yellow Stars of David and were soon distinguished from all other people in society. Jewish children were no longer allowed to attend school, the theatres or even play in parks. Jews begin to live in fear of what could happen at any time if they made one wrong move. All of these little things that began to happen could not even compare to what was to come. The work camps, portrayed as Holidays or Retreats where the Jews could escape to, although little did they know that these camps were Just another name for their death sentence. The Nazis would separate the Jews who were transported to the camps into women and men, adults and children and the strong and the weak. Those who were fit to work in the camps had their life spared the strong sides of these people were taken to factories and fields where they actually have people standing guard over them while they worked. The working conditions were extremely poor. They were hardly fed and had no health cares whatsoever. Through times like this, the Jews still believed that they could find ways out and many of them died trying. Most Jews believed that Hitler was behind it all and that he was the one and only evil person leading the race into the ground where what many people dont realism was that it actually was everyone. Although everyone might not have as much as a commercial and visual part as Hitler did, Jews had to be careful about who they trusted and who they didnt as they could be turned in at any moment. It takes one man to create a movement but takes his supporters to carry out the process. Even though the second and third generation survivors didnt actually go through the Holocaust, they still suffer the effects of that horrible time. Just knowing that this story is actually true and that their parents and grandparents survived it is enough to make anyone stop and think about how totally wrong the Holocaust actually was. Just through the use of textbooks, aural stories and experiences and what little evidence remains, todays society is reminded everyday of what total destruction happened within that time period. Many of these things, which can be seen at The Jewish War Museum, or passed down by relatives are ongoing humans can get. The impact that the Holocaust has had on society today is an eye- opening one. The people who are new to the Holocaust are shocked, devastated and horrified where other people who already know are Just regretful for what has happened. It has really opened up the eyes of many people to see Just what exactly can arise out of power, greed and influence. Another impact that the Holocaust has had on society today is the sincere apologies people give each other even for the implies things. People are trying to negotiate their problems peacefully rather than letting everything blow up and escalate to out of control. Society can sympathies with the victims and for the victims as well as give any support they can. One last thing that society today learns from the Holocaust is that it doesnt matter what hits you down, you keep fighting and fighting and eventually you will climb back up and none will ever know youre gone. An entire race was almost exterminated but they fought to survive and they have with a lot of costs buts they still managed to survive. The Holocaust has obviously had a major effect on todays society, opening our eyes to the cruelty and disgusting nature of humans. Not only this but the worlds ability to turn a blind eye at the time and not step in to stand up against what is wrong. But it has also shown a races ability to pick themselves up from the ashes and start anew which is extremely inspirational to many people. Overall, it has opened societys eye to the nature of the world and how sudden that nature can change with its surroundings. Bibliography Orgasms, Barbara, 1988, Smoke and Ashes: The Story of the Holocaust, Holiday House: New York. Blending a narrative of historical events with personal testimonies, Orgasms poses these questions: How did the Holocaust happen and why? Couldnt anyone stop it? How could the Jews let it happen? She also includes a chapter on non- Jewish victims. This book was helpful with explaining what the Holocaust was exactly and what happened within it. Abuzz, Robert H, 1985, Inside the Vicious Heart: Americans and the Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps, Oxford University Press: New York. Using the diaries, letters, photographs, and oral testimonies of American GIs and Journalists, Abuzz analyses the reactions of the first eyewitnesses who entered the concentration camps in Germany and Austria during the spring of 1945. This highly readable account is liberally illustrated with photographs. This source was helpful with getting an idea of how people reacted to the Holocaust. Gees, MIPS, and Gold, Alison L, 1988, Anne Frank Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped to Hide the Frank Family, Simon and Schuster: New York. MIPS Gees, along with her husband, was among the people who helped the Frank family while they were in hiding. Her story is an important supplement to Anne Franks diary as it adds historical background and an outside perspective to Ann.s story.

The Gift of the Magi Quotes

'The Gift of the Magi' Quotes The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry is a holiday favorite. The cherished moments in this work have become a Christmas tradition both in the original and many iterations. Do you remember the quotes? Perhaps youve read or heard the lines without even realizing it. Here are a few quotes from the short story and here are some questions to think about. Quotes Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds.She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friendsa mammoth task.His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle o f two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.

Christianity as Mediated by America's Entertainment Culture & Justin Essay

Christianity as Mediated by America's Entertainment Culture & Justin Bieber - Essay Example Consequently, it is why celebrities are marketed and angled to entice a larger devotion, exploring more possible target consumers. A prime example of this scenario is Justin Bieber and how he projects his image as a devote Christian. He even inked a portrait of Jesus on his calf. In an article entitled â€Å"Are young, religious stars like Justin Bieber and Tim Tebow making Christianity cool?† (Foxnews.com, January 10, 2012), Jo Pizza also mentioned other stars such as Demi Lovatto and NFL player Tim Tebow credit and praise their religion for their success in . Whether it is a packaging and publicity stunt to showcase Bieber as a devoted Christian in order to further his career, it is important to scrutinize the effects that in entails to society, to popular culture and its followings, and also the impact towards the Christian religion or simply just to religion. It is also critical to note that while Bieber’s influence does not generally include the adult population, h e rather has a strong hold of fan base on the youth who calls themselves as â€Å"Beliebers†, wherein the influence and impression is more potent and lasting to society, notwithstanding the support that it garners from the religious sector. Thus, there is also a need to explore the link between how pop culture transcends from an idolizing and cult-like following into a significant religious influence. To understand better the American society and how religion is practiced, the media and its proponents must also be discussed. It is also important to delve and examine how religion evolved in the United States and outline how the secular theory has adopted through time through the aid of mass media and technology. Understanding how religion is now availed by the community through means of cable televisions and especially the internet will give better grasps as to how pop culture has found a way and rooted itself through the religious diversities of America. Celebrities are Sales men and Religion is a Product When someone is propelled into the spotlight, directly or indirectly, they sell something. Whether it is in the form of movies, appearances, albums, advertisements, and the like, celebrities are vessels to sell something. In fact, in today’s culture, the celebrities are even the product themselves.1 Compared to the previous decades, the consumers demand to know everything about their lives. Noteworthy is the emerging unprecedented growth of paparazzi and gossip chasers who literally stalk celebrities in chase of the latest piece of conversation or controversy that can be made. In this age of technology and media, the interesting is defined by what is visible. Following on that premise; the invisible is uninteresting, thus unpopular, and ultimately unsellable. Therefore, celebrities must constantly reinvent and find ways to be more and more noticeable to the public eye in order to be successful salesmen of their products. Religion is no different than any commodity. It is also a product that is like any other where it needs to be marketed and sold to the consumer.2 After all, one needs to be convinced of a product before one purchases it or (in this case) adheres to it. It is worth highlighting that in this modern age, forms of religion are being marketed and advertised through the media. Evidence of these are the television channels

Sexual Abuse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Abuse - Article Example There are many signs that can point towards a child being sexually abused. A common sign is when a child has a difficult time walking. In addition, the child might refuse to socialize or engage in any physical activity. Furthermore, if the child experiences nightmares and experiences a rapid decrease in appetite. All these factors are well indicators that the child is or is continuing to experience traumatic sexual abuse. One of the most shocking aspects of sexual abuse is that they have been a commonality in religious atmosphere. This startling reality can be seen in the Vatican Church, which has been criticized for covering up the issue. Unfortunately, many priests have been not only accused but have engaged in sexual abuse, which is damaging to the Church, society, and alarms parents. The Vatican Church is shocked at this fact and has started an investigation that will hold the priests accountable for their shameful act. Reverend Federico Lombardi, the head spokesman of the Church, firmly states the Church will approach the issue with â€Å"rigor and transparency.† However, these assurances have not been adequate as more victims are getting the courage to speak out against the priests. The Church must hold the priests responsible for these heinous acts, but the rules do not implement any of the â€Å"lip service† that Reverend insisted on. For example, the rules of the Church lack st ature, as they do not make it obligatory for these crimes to be reported to officials even though the local law is clear and concise. Catholics globally are shocked at the fact that women are included in the list of grave acts. In addition, they were intrigued that the church believed pedophiles were the same as those who left the church or were heretics. Yet that was not the case as many priests accused, were still part of the church. This frustration of Catholics can be perfectly illustrated in this statement as Chritian Weisnar, one of the key members states, â€Å"It

Hard work vs Easy money Essay Example for Free

Hard work vs Easy money Essay The film industry is a very influential force in our society today because through it our choices, likes, beliefs, values and ideas are somehow affected and changed. It is so strong that sometimes it already affects our decisions and way of life. According to Supreme Court officials, the motion picture is a significant medium to convey ideas and beliefs so that in order for people who adheres democracy to make informed judgments on debatable issues or questions, they must be appropriately exposed to a fair and just representation of the ideas on all sides of said issues or questions. Americans value their freedom to express their thoughts and ideas, their freedom of speech that’s why the only reason why the constitutional rights to free speech is applied to film is because the movies or motion pictures are important medium for communication, for conveying information. Through this industry, a lot of people are educated, informed, and even transformed to better and useful individuals of the country because whether we like it or not, movies really inspire and motivate people. It touches their lives. However, movies are not created for mere entertainment only. Good or bad, they are still considered as important sociological and cultural documents of our times because they do not only record and reflect our values and ideas at the time the movie was created, they also shape them. For years, movies or films helped structure the American culture, the values, beliefs and traditions of the American people. Hollywood during the 1930s up the late of 1960s for example, helped in shaping up a shared concept of the American history and its role to other countries. Hollywood kept the American’s values and traditions alive during the Great Depression. Unfortunately though, after 1960, it produced films that targeted a smaller segment of the American population. Instead of producing and creating films that depicts the American’s common set of values, it began to venture and produce films with more conventional values. Movies do not only reflect social values of one’s country, it also shapes them. It reflects views about gender such as masculinity and femininity, about manners and/or ethics, language and some other characteristics that make up the society. Movies appeal to all classes and all levels in the economic ladder of one’s country. This is so because movies represent the values, aspirations, frustrations, and fantasies of these people. Movies definitely show the good and bad sides about life and about the world we live in. American History through Film During the Great Depression, between 1930s up to 1939, the American people were so devastated with the economic condition of the country. Money was scarce and life became difficult. To be able to cope with the new economic changes of their lives, the Americans began to patronize fictional movies to make their selves happy and alive. Movies, big bands, and all sorts of parlor and board games became a popular means of entertainment. Film production was accordingly organized on an industrial model and manufactured a mass-produced output aimed at capturing a secure audience share and thus realizing a substantial profit. As a commercial enterprise, American film developed as an entertainment industry, rather than as an educational instrument or art form (Horkheimer and Adorno 1972). Consequently, American dreams were turned into nightmares and bad dreams. What was once considered as the land of promise and of opportunity, of hope and of optimism, became the land of great desperation and depression. People began to question their leaders, their system of government and democracy. Some people moved to agricultural places to find a living. It was during this time that the people’s goal was that of survival instead of advancement. Other countries were also undergoing the same difficulties but the Americans were able to cope such that democracy prevailed in the country. To be able to help the people cope with their present situation, Hollywood created fictional films that entertained them. Popular movie stars played an important role in Hollywood cinema and became fantasy figures for idealized romance and desire (Dyer, 1979). Matinee idols such as Clark Gable, Bette Davis, Greta Garbo, Errol Flynn and Shirley Temple became popular. One of the top grossers during this time was Gone with the Wind (1939) and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Consequently, Hollywood films were divided into the most popular types of genres like the western, melodrama, crime drama, costume film, horror film, and, with the coming of sound, the musical (Schatz, 1981). Film soon became the most popular and influential form of media culture in the United States (Sklar, 1975; Jowett, 1976). It became a source of leisure and socialization providing trends in fashion and designs, guides to love and relationships, marriage and professions. Some Americans thought that early films were produced largely for working class, immigrant and urban audiences, and some critics of the movies thought that they had negative or subversive effects (Jowett, 1976). Some others believed that these films help Americanize immigrants, to teach their audiences how to be good Americans, and to provide escape from the cares of everyday life (Ewen and Ewen, 1982). More theoretical approaches to Hollywood began emerging in the 1960s, including the ideological analyses of Cahiers du cinema and the extremely influential work associated with Screen that translated many key Cahiers and other works of French film theory, including Roland Barthes, Christian Metz, and others which generated much more sophisticated formal approaches to film (see Metz, 1974 and Heath, 1981). Some researchers believe that during this time feminism was considered to be important among the gender and that the construction of dominant ideologies of masculinity and femininity were a central aspect of Hollywood film (Kuhn, 1982; Kaplan, 1983). Studies also began appearing in the 1970s of the business of film, dissecting the political economy of the Hollywood studio system (see Balio, 1976 and 1985; Gomery, 1986; and Wasko 1994). Then the succeeding years became a turning point for Hollywood Films. Movie making became more of a business venture rather than an aid to promote entertainment and relaxation to people. During the past years globalization has made Hollywood film a popular business icon throughout the world. If Hollywood films became the most popular and well respected film company in the early years, dominating the world market, it became more so today with American global corporations promoting and distributing its products throughout the world. Hollywood films are the most capital and profit intensive and thus have the most advanced technological effects for every product released; they are marketed worldwide and patronized by all races around the globe. To this day, Hollywood movies are created not only to gain money but to also influence or change the beliefs and ideas of its audience. Some are produced with the purpose of arguing for the acceptance of some behaviors and lifestyles so that these become parts of the film maker’s concept of cultural morality. As concluded by the Barna Research Group, the single most influential profession in society today is the film business. Unfortunately, some producers, investors and film makers neglected or seem to forget their roles and responsibilities to the viewing public. Some create projects without understanding the basic principles on how this industry works and how it affects the lives, behaviors and values of its audience. Hard work vs. Easy money in Film making industry Film makers have an important role and a great responsibility when creating or producing films. They should be very careful especially when making stories that deals with history and with people’s lives. Although the film industry is not in business just to lose money, it should not be that its goal is to only gain money. There has to be some kind of balance between responsible film making, one that entertains and educates people and that which enables the business to keep going. According to some experts, this could be attained without losing either way. But how are they going to do this? Do they have to exert more efforts to be able to attain both objectives? Or they just have to forget that ‘role- and- responsibility thing’ and focus instead to earning more money? Film making is actually lots of hard work and more had works. Lack of talent according to recent research findings, is irrelevant to success in the film making world. According to Geoffrey Colvin, senior editor-at-large of the Fortune Magazine, â€Å"Talent doesn’t mean intelligence, motivation or personality traits. It’s an innate ability to do some specific activity especially well’. British-based researchers Michael J. Howe, Jane W. Davidson and John A. Sluboda concluded in an extensive study, â€Å"The evidence we have surveyed does not support the notion that excelling is a consequence of innate gifts. † Hard work and practice combined actually makes an individual a master of his craft. No one made it to the top without putting so much work on it. There’s no such thing as ‘born champion’ without going through a lot of work or effort. Greatness can never be achieved without hard work, hard labor. Hard work combined with practice equals work of high level performance and quality. Consistency too is important. Make quality movies all the time, hard yet worth the efforts. People patronize movies created by makers who adhere to the policy of producing high quality films. Filmmaking is making money consciously. Money is a resource material important to everybody, to businesses most especially. Businesses operate with the aim of gaining profits. Film making industry is not an exception. However, it should not be the main reason why the business exists. The role of movies Films have an important role in the lives of its viewers. It connects one generation to the other. It provides an image, concepts, and ideas of how people coped and dealt with their lives in the past; how families are formed or transformed and how it fell apart. It informs us past events, good or bad. It helps us realize that all human beings undergo turmoil and calamities throughout life. It helps us understand why we are here, why we are created, and why we exist. Films are stories about people, their experiences and how they go through life. Films are reflections of our past, present and future lives. Films do not only mirror the social and cultural backgrounds and attitudes of people in the past. It also provides evidences and records them for the future generation to see. Films are good sources of history, of culture and of people. Conclusion: Our world is very much structured by differing thoughts of both politicians and film makers in our society today. These thoughts and ideas are easily and quickly passed through the media that sometimes are readily accepted without thorough investigation for truth. Modern media are so powerful that they are able to deceive people. They can influence your thoughts and views about life. Film making is more than just a business or a calling; it is about influencing and transforming to be able to change the world. It is more than the value of money. Money is just an end. It won’t compensate to the changes that good films bring to its viewers. The visions created by prominent people in the industry has a profound or tremendous impact in our society, inspiring, motivating, and transforming people’s lives for the better. This is one of the few industries that are gifted with the opportunity and responsibility to change our society and our world. Therefore, film makers should be responsible enough to create films or movies that inspire people to do well and to make a difference in their lives. This is possible if they thought of film making as more than just an arena to make profits, to become rich and famous. We, as responsible citizens on the other hand, should be vigilant and exert influence over the cultural impact of the media. We should not patronize films that portray or show violence, subversive activities, and morally degrading stories to its viewers most especially the younger ones. We have a responsibility to protect our society too, that, we should not forget. Institutions, schools and other agencies need to exercise their cultural and social influence on these types of films too. They should condemn companies and personalities that market violence and immorality to viewers, young and old. This is the only way that we can declare war to irresponsible investors and artists. When we are vigilant to these types of propaganda and activities, we can’t certainly be affected or influenced by the film maker’s thoughts, values, ideas and beliefs and our traditional culture will not be in any way, structured by their concepts of the Modern American Culture.

The Benefits of Cloning Essay -- Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argu

The Advantages of Cloning      Ã‚   People often question whether or not cloning is morally acceptable in our society, and also if it is worth all the money that we spend on research for cloning.   It is hard to believe that not to long ago many people believed that joining a sperm and an egg in a test tube was considered to be morally wrong.   It is now used by millions of doctors around the world.   Cloning is at the beginning stages of being considered morally unacceptable and will soon move to be just like in-vitro fertilization.   Soon everyone will understand the benefits of cloning in agriculture, medicine, and social parenthood.   It is quite obvious that cloning has many social, agricultural, and medical benefits which outweigh its social and ethnic disadvantages.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First I want to talk about the many benefits that cloning has to offer our society.   The goals and purposes of cloning range from making copies of those deceased, to bettering engineering the offspring in humans and animals.   Cloning will insure a stable mixture of robustness and productivity in all agriculture and commercially important livestock.   Cloning can provide the ability to add new genes to an animal's repertoire and to precisely modify its existing genes.   Cloning could have a powerful impact on agricultural efficiency.   Cloning selective types of breeds can help to produce a much healthier and stronger animal by giving it all of the strongest genes possible.   The goal of transgenic livestock is to produce livestock with ideal characteristics for the agricultural industry, ad to be able to manufacture biological products such as proteins for humans.   With the knowledge we have gained about cloning,   we can produce ... ... always be a topic of controversy no matter how much evidence you supply to support each side.   Cloning in America and in the world has the chance to enhance our culture and enrich our society through all of its major benefits discussed. Works Cited Woodford, James.   "Scientists urge cloning for spare human body parts."   http://www.smh.com.au/news/9903/17/pageone/1.html   (28 March. 2003) "Why We Should Use Cloning."   http://vetc.vsc.edu/vuns/apolo/clone/right.htm (5 April. 2003). Woodward, Kenneth.  (1997, March).   Today the Sheep, Tomorrow the Shepherd.   Newsweek, v129, 60. Fee, Rod.   (1997, May-June).   WellÉ..Hello, Dolly!   Successful Farming, v95, 49. Beddington, Rosa.   "Cloning."   www. Nimr.mrc.ac.ulc/mhe02/cloning.htm.   "Human Cloning and Re-Engineering."   http://cac.psu.edu/~gsg103/qs/enctre.html.

A Defense Of Ethical Relativism Essay

Ethical Relativism Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethical relativism is the stance that there are no moral codes, no moral wrongs or right. Right or wrong is based on social customs. Ethical relativism implies that people’s morals are dynamic, subject to times and environment. Ethical relativism accommodates and enables the presence of many different cultures and practices. It offers people the freedom to adapt and practice their socialized ethics and cultures. This means that there is no static culture or ethics. Morals are dependent on the society preferences, technology, logic, emotions, experience and rules among other factors. Morality is very vital since it holds the society together. The rationale of this paper is to explain the effect of ethical relativism on the morality bond that brings the society together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ethics, the notion that nothing is objectively wrong or right and that the definition of right or wrong relies on the existing perception of culture, an individual or history. The existence of morality is not relative to individuality. Thus some of the relativists’ arguments are invalid. Ethical relativism is a knotty theory since there are various differences within cultures. People’s preferences may not for all time be ethically correct choices. Thus what is culturally acceptable might not always be morally right. Ethical relativism by definition is a premise that maintains that there are no generally accepted ethical codes. Ethical relativism is usually affected the disagreement between right and wrong due to social and personal ethical relativism as well as the natural law premise (Lukes, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Personal ethical relativism holds that different people have diverse moral beliefs. Social ethical relativism holds that different societies have distinct code of ethics. On the other hand, the natural law presumes that there is a general set of moral values that opposes ethical relativism, however it is faulty. Ruth Benedict believes that morals are defined by culture. Benedict also proposes that normal is a variant of the concept of good. According to Benedict, behavior will depend on what the general culture that is accepted by the society. On contrary, Christina Hoff Sommers proposes that there are some human qualities that are not relative to place, time, situation or circumstance. Ruth and Sommers have different propositions on ethics. Descriptive ethical relativism states that ethical beliefs and judgments are the expressions of the moral attitudes and outlook of individual persons (Lukes, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I faintly agree with Christina Sommers since people have their own personal set of moral values. For example, an individual may belief that it is morally wrong to have sex on the first date. Another person might not have any issue with sex in any context. Someone else might not believe in sex before marriage, or maybe not at all. In order to judge these views as right or wrong, moral standards are very crucial. However, there is no general set of ethical codes which can be used to judge the views. This example proves differences in ethical virtues between people and hence signifies ethical relativism. There are flaws in ethical relativism because it does not mean that everyone accept to a notion simply because one group in the society find a given action to be acceptable. What is publicly acceptable is extensively variable. If moral standards do not go beyond social principles, no action would be regarded as right or wrong (Arrington, 1983 ).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I totally agree with Benedict that rules of the society serve as a standard. Ethical relativism considers how other cultures tolerate other cultures. Ethical relativism brings societies together because it allows for great variance in regard of what is seen as good or bad. Ethical relativism elaborates how one action can be regarded as correct in one culture, but wrong in the other (â€Å"Ethical Relativism†, 2014). All rudiments of the culture are put into consideration when determining whether an action is wrong or right. Ethical relativism confuses the reforms to be carried out considering what is being done currently. People are forced to tolerate some actions that might be unbearable if there are no socially accepted habits. I disagree with Sommers since human behaviors depend on the time, place, situation or circumstance. Morality, ethical standards and the position of wrong or right are based on culture and hence subject to i ndividual preferences. Social institutions are very vital since they are richly endowed with customs, norms and manner of thinking. Appropriate management of the school-community culture will ensure that it will influence the young children in the society based on the attitudes and dispositions they acquire at school. Though moral relativism have been widely criticized for being pernicious, incoherent and sophomoric, but it is a plausible doctrine and it has significant influence on how people live, interact and organize the society (Lukes, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morals fluctuate across place and time. Children learn values when they are growing, even before they can reason efficiently. Moral relativism is linked to emotional attitudes since values are acquired through emotional conditioning. People decide the position of an action by examining their feelings. Emotions are very necessary in making moral judgments. Ethics and morality shape personality. The capacity to determine whether a practice is correct or immoral develops from life and the environment that people are exposed to. Society and family are the first exposure where moral system is created. Benedict view social institutions as communities with common virtues and practices that have become sophisticated patterns of practices and ideas. Benedict arguments reveal how diverse cultures employ different moral principles in an endeavor to survive as a culture. Benedict is more correct in her analysis regarding the differences among cultures . There are some features of cultures that are not based on any universal moral standards. There is no general rule that moral cultures must abide to a given code to survive, and that the cultures that do not follow a code are not moral (â€Å"Ethical Relativism†, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benedict states that morality differs in all societies and is a suitable term for socially accepted habits. Opponents of ethical relativism argue that, if ethical relativism is right, there can be no general construction for resolving ethical dispute or for realizing agreement on ethical issues among affiliates of different societies. Many ethicists oppose ethical relativism since they argue that although moral practices in the community differ, the values underlying those actions remain unchanged. Societies might deviate in their application of the elementary moral ideologies, but they agree on the principles. It can be argued that some ethical beliefs are culturally relative whereas others are not. Some practices such as customs concerning dressing mode may depend on local traditions, while other practices such as political repression or slavery might be determined by general ethical standards and judged incorrect regardless the various other differences that persist among cultures (Arrington, 1983).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The notion that some cultural practices are relative does not mean that all moral practices are relative. Ethical relativism may also be criticized on the basis of its effect to personal ethical values. It may be argued that if morals entirely depend on social norms, it follows that if a certain society believes in racial practices, its members must admit to racism as morally right. Members of a given community have different opinions regarding a given practice. Ethical relativism believes that culture is the standard to examine whether a practice is right or wrong. Ethical relativism might be criticized, but it helps people to acknowledge that communities have different moral values and that these beliefs are subject to culture. Ethical relativism also encourage people to explore reasons as to why communities have differing beliefs, and also challenge people to scrutinize their reasons for the beliefs and values they support. Benedictâ₠¬â„¢s argument about how morality is relative is sound. Benedict uses an example of Kwakiutl society regarding murder. Kwakiutl practice of murder is intolerable in the modern society, but it was acceptable in Kwakiutl. Kwakiutl cannot be judged for their acts because they that was a social norm when one of their relatives died. Today such practice would be regarded as murder and is unlawful and a crime that is absolutely penalized by the society and the law (â€Å"Ethical Relativism†, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Benedict concludes that â€Å"moral relativism is the correct view of moral principles† which imply that right or wrong is determined by culture and environmental events. For instance people might accept capital punishment and oppose abortion. Capital punishment is regarded as wrong and hence punished with death. On contrary, opposing abortion is like denying women their freedom of their body. According to Benedict, regardless of the consequences behind an abortion, if the society opposes it implies that abortion is morally wrong hence it will maintain the truth worth of moral relativism. The notion that abortion is wrong is due to the fact that people’s behaviors are shaped by their history, culture and environment. Therefore the right worth of their ethics relies on what is more rational to social structures. On the other hand if people believe that capital punishment is a way of attaining justice, they will consider it mor ally right. Morals are shared amongst people and the community, and it is seen as a normalcy condition of morals (Lukes, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, I agree with Benedict argument of ethical relativism where she holds that people change their opinions and principles depending on the majority rule. I agree that morals vary with time, culture and environment. However, I do not agree that any practice is morally right or wrong depending on the majority. Benedict adds that the conception of the normal is accurately a variant of the notion of good. Behaviors will depend on the cultural norms. Ethical relativism allows a wide variety of practices and cultures. It will enable people to adapt morally as technology, culture and knowledge change in society. This is an excellent and a type of relativism. Ethical relativism faces the challenge because people find it hard to adapt to new morals, new ideas and their own culture. The word is increasingly becoming culturally diverse thus making people find it hard to accept something different. Culture is a standard for assessing the po sition of a practice, whether it is right or wrong. References Arrington, R. L. (1983). A Defense Of Ethical Relativism. Metaphilosophy, 14(3-4), 225-239. Ethical Relativism. (n.d.). CARM. Retrieved September 22, 2014, from http://carm.org/ethical-relativism Lukes, S. (2008). Moral relativism. New York: Picador. Source document

Mobile Analysis Business Model

This paper focuses on the strategic uncertainties, where a large number of actors are trying a number of strategic approaches to position themselves in the most favorable position in the value system. As a consequence, they are experimenting with a number of innovating business models. We argue that successful business models are likely to be the ones that best address the economic peculiarities underlying this industry, like mobility, network effects and natural monopolies.The paper presents the principal classes of actors that will participate In the mobile business Industry and give an overview of their business models based on a formalized ontology. Many definitions of mobile business focus on enabling business transaction through airless devices, confusing mobile commerce and mobile business. A commonly adopted definition, by Drencher, defines mobile commerce as â€Å"any transaction with a monetary value that Is conducted via mobile telecommunication network† (M;leerines s, 1999).Similar to e-commerce, the focus Is on the exchange of products and services, but without the constraint of a stationary user using wired infrastructure. We prefer to adopt a broader view of mobile business, which includes â€Å"all activities related to a (potential) commercial transaction through communications networks that Interface with mobile devices† (Treacheries, 2002).Mobile business is a very recent, but promising Industry created by the emergence and widespread adoption of wireless data networks, that enable the convergence of the Internet, e- business and the wireless world (Oklahoma, 2002). Similar to other emerging industries, mobile business is characterized by a continuously changing and complex environment, which creates important uncertainties at the levels of technology, demand and strategy (Porter, 1980).At the technological level, uncertainties are typically caused by rapid technological development and the cycle of an industry which is born than ks to a technological innovation. Concerning emend, despite a generalized consensus about the huge potential of mobile business services, nobody actually knows how to exploit the new possibilities brought by technology to create valuable services that the customers are willing to pay.Finally, strategic uncertainties are a common situation in emerging industries, whose essential characteristic from the viewpoint of formulating strategies is that there are no established rules of the game. As a consequence, actors must experience with a variety of strategic approaches and constantly reposition themselves in order to find the most favorable competitive position in the industry. Based on these observations, we developed a general research framework inspired by the works on the Balanced Scorecard (figure 1).Our objective is to conceive a market observation tool for the mobile business industry. The underlying idea is that we can better understand the reality by taking views from differen t complementary perspectives and putting them all together. The perspectives are chosen to cover all the different uncertainties mentioned above. Each perspective focuses on certain aspects of the mobile landscape and requires specific observation tools. The innovation Focus Observed objects Observation tools

Inca Star Worship and Constellations

Inca Star Worship and Constellations The stars in the sky were very important to the religion of the Inca. They identified constellations and individual stars and assigned them a purpose. According to the Inca, many of the stars were there to protect animals: every animal had a corresponding star or constellation which would look out for it. Today, traditional Quechua communities still see the same constellations in the sky as they did centuries ago. Inca Culture and Religion The Inca culture thrived in the Andes Mountains in western South America from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries. Although they started out as one ethnic group among many in the region, they embarked upon a campaign of conquest and assimilation and by the fifteenth century, they had achieved pre-eminence in the Andes and controlled an empire which stretched from present-day Colombia to Chile. Their religion was complicated. They had a pantheon of greater gods which included Viracocha, the creator, Inti, the Sun, and Chuqui Illa, the thunder god. They also worshiped huacas, which were spirits which could inhabit just about any remarkable phenomenon, such as a waterfall, large boulder or tree. The Inca and the Stars The sky was very important to the Inca culture. The sun and moon were considered gods and temples and pillars were laid out specifically so that heavenly bodies such as the sun would pass over pillars or through windows on certain days, such as the summer solstice. The stars played an important role in Inca cosmology. The Inca believed that Viracocha had planned for the protection of all living things, and that to each star corresponded a particular sort of animal or bird. The star grouping known as the Pleiades held particular influence over the lives of animals and birds. This group of stars was not considered a greater god but rather a huaca, and Inca shamans would regularly make sacrifices to it. Inca Constellations Like many other cultures, the Inca grouped the stars into constellations. They saw many animals and other things from their daily lives when they looked to the stars. There were two sorts of constellations for the Inca. The first are of the common variety, where groupings of stars are linked in connect-the-dots fashion to make images of gods, animals, heroes, etc. The Inca saw some such constellations in the sky but considered them inanimate. The other constellations were seen in the absence of stars: these dark blotches on the Milky Way were seen as animals and were considered living or animate. They lived in the Milky Way, which was considered a river. The Inca were one of the very few cultures who found their constellations in the absence of stars. Mach’acuay: The Serpent One of the major dark constellations was Machacuay, the Serpent. Although snakes are rare at the high altitudes where the Inca Empire thrived, there are a few, and the Amazon River basin is not far away to the east. The Inca saw serpents as highly mythological animals: rainbows were said to be serpents named amarus. Machacuay was said to oversee all snakes on Earth, protecting them and helping them procreate. The constellation Machacuay is a wavy dark band located on the Milky Way between Canis Major and the Southern Cross. The constellation serpent emerges head-first in the Inca region in August and begins to set in February: Interestingly, this mirrors the activity of real snakes in the zone, which are more active during the Andean rainy season of December to February. Hanp’atu: The Toad In a somewhat surprising twist on nature, Hanpatu the Toad chases Machacuay the Serpent out of the Earth in August as that segment of the Milky Way becomes visible in Peru. Hanpatu is seen in a lumpish dark cloud between Machacuays tail and the Southern Cross. Like the snake, the toad was an important animal to the Inca. The nocturnal croaking and chirping of frogs and toads were listened to attentively by Inca diviners, who believed that the more these amphibians croaked, the more likely it was to rain soon. Also like the snakes, the Andean toads are more active during the rainy season; in addition, they croak more at night when their constellation is visible in the sky. Hanpatu also had the added significance that his appearance in the night sky coincided with the beginning of the Inca agricultural cycle: when he showed up, it meant that the time to plant had come. Yutu: The Tinamou Tinamous are clumsy ground birds similar to partridges, common in the Andean region. Located at the base of the Southern Cross, Yutu is the next dark constellation to emerge as the Milky Way becomes visible in the night sky. Yutu is a dark, kite-shaped spot which corresponds to the Coal Sack Nebula. It chases Hanpatu, which makes some sense because tinamous are known to eat small frogs and lizards. The tinamou may have been selected (as opposed to any other bird) because it exhibits remarkable social behavior: male tinamous attract and mate with females, who lay their eggs in his nest before leaving to repeat the process with another male. Males, therefore, incubate the eggs, which could come from 2 to 5 mating partners. Urcuchillay: The Llama The next constellation to emerge is the llama, perhaps the most important of the constellations to the Inca. Although the llama is a dark constellation, the stars Alpha and Beta Centauri serve as its â€Å"eyes† and are the first to emerge when the llama rises in November. The constellation consists of two llamas, a mother, and a baby. Llamas were of great importance to the Inca: they were food, beasts of burden and sacrifices to the gods. These sacrifices often took place at certain times with astronomical significance such as equinoxes and solstices. Llama herders were particularly attentive to the movements of the celestial llama and offered it sacrifices. Atoq: The Fox The fox is a small black splotch at the feet of the llama: this is appropriate because Andean foxes eat baby vicuà ±as. When they foxes come by, however, the adult vicuà ±as gang up and attempt to trample the foxes to death. This constellation has a connection to earthly foxes: the Sun passes through the constellation in December, the time when baby foxes are born. Significance of Inca Star Worship The Inca constellations and their worship - or at least a certain respect for them and an understanding of their role in the agricultural cycle - are one of few aspects of Inca culture that survived the conquest, colonial era and 500 years of forced assimilation. The original Spanish chroniclers mentioned the constellations and their importance, but not in any great detail: fortunately, modern researchers have been able to fill in the gaps by making friends and doing fieldwork in rural, traditional Andean Quechua communities where people still see the same constellations their ancestors saw centuries ago. The nature of Inca reverence for their dark constellations reveals much about Inca culture and religion. To the Inca, everything was connected: The universe of the Quechuas is not composed of a series of discrete phenomena and events, but rather there is a powerful synthetic principle underlying the perception and ordering of objects and events in the physical environment. (Urton 126). The snake in the sky had the same cycle as earthly snakes and lived in a certain harmony with the other celestial animals. Consider this in contrast to traditional western constellations, which were a series of images (scorpion, hunter, scales, etc) that really didnt interact with one another or events here on Earth (except for vague fortunetelling). Sources Cobo, Bernabà ©. (translated by Roland Hamilton) Inca Religion and Customs. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 1990.Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. (translated by Sir Clement Markham). History of the Incas. 1907. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1999.Urton, Gary. Animals and Astronomy in the Quechua Universe. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 125, No. 2. (April 30, 1981). P. 110-127.

How to Apply for a Patent for Your Invention

How to Apply for a Patent for Your Invention Inventors who have created a new product or process can apply for a patent by filling out a patent application, paying a fee, and submitting it to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Patents are meant to protect creations that solve a specific technological problem - be it a product or process - by assuring that no one else can produce and sell a product or process similar to the one patented. Because the patent application is a legal document, inventors hoping to complete the forms need to have a certain level of expertise and preciseness when filling out the proper paperwork - the better written the patent, the better the protection the patent will produce. The patent application itself has no fill-in forms available on the most complex parts of the paperwork, and instead, you will be asked to submit  drawings  of your invention and fill out a series of technical specs that make it different and unique from all other inventions that have already been patented. Undertaking a non-provisional utility patent application without a  patent attorney or agent  is very difficult and not recommended for beginners to patent law. Although only  the inventor may apply for a patent, with certain  exceptions, and two or more persons making  an invention  jointly must apply for a patent as joint inventors, all inventors must be listed on the patent applications. Getting Started With Filing Your Patent It is highly recommended that you draft a first copy of the patent application and do a preliminary search for prior art yourself before bringing the paperwork to the patent agent you hire for a final proof. If you must self-patent for financial reasons please read a book such as, Patent It Yourself and understand the risks of self-patenting. Another alternative - which comes with its own set of  drawbacks  - is to file a provisional patent application, which provides one year of protection, allows patent pending status, and does not require writing claims. However, before one year expires you must file a non-provisional patent application for your invention, and during this year, you can promote and sell your product and hopefully raise the money for a non-provisional patent. Many successful experts advocate provisional patents and other alternatives as a better path to follow. Essentials of Non-Provisional Utility Patent Applications All non-provisional  utility  patent applications must include a written document which comprises a specification (description and claims) and an Oath or Declaration; a drawing  in those cases in which a drawing  is necessary; and the filing fee at the time of application, which is the fee when the patent is issued, as well as an  Application Data Sheet. The descriptions and claims are very important to a patent application as they are what the patent examiner will look at to determine if your invention is novel, useful, nonobvious, and correctly reduced to practice as it relates to whether or not the invention is  patentable  in the first place. It takes up to three years for a patent application to be granted, and because applications are often rejected the first time, you may need to amend the claims and appeal. Make sure that you meet all  drawing standards  and follow all patent laws that apply to design patent applications in order to avoid further delay. It will be a lot easier for you to understand how to apply for a design patent if you look over a few issued design patents first - check out  Design Patent D436,119  as an example before proceeding, which includes the front page and three pages of drawing sheets. Optional Preamble and Mandatory Single Claim A preamble (if included) should state the name of the inventor, the title of the design, and a brief description of  the nature  and intended use of the invention that the design is connected to, and all the information contained in the preamble will be printed on the patent if it is granted. Using an Optional Preamble: I, John Doe, have invented a new design for a jewelry cabinet, as set forth in the following specification. The claimed jewelry cabinet is used to store jewelry and could sit on a bureau. You may choose not to write a detailed preamble in your design patent application;  however, you must write one  claim  like  Design Patent D436,119  uses. You will submit all bibliographic information such as the inventors name by using an  application data sheet  or ADS. Using a Single Claim: The ornamental design for eyeglasses, as shown and described. All design patent application may only include a single claim that defines the design which the applicant wishes to patent, and the claim must be written in formal terms, where as shown relates to drawing standards included in the application while as described means that the application includes special descriptions of the design, a proper showing of modified forms of the design, or other descriptive matter. Design Patent Title and Additional Details The title of the design must identify the invention that the design is connected to by its most common name used by the public, but marketing designations (like Coca-Cola instead of soda) are improper as titles and should not be used. A title descriptive of the actual article is recommended. A good title helps the person that is examining your patent know where to or not to search for prior art and helps with the proper classification of the design patent if it is granted; it also helps the understanding of the nature and use of your invention that will  embody the design. Examples of good titles include jewelry cabinet, concealed jewelry cabinet, or panel for a jewelry accessory cabinet, each of which gives specifications to items already known colloquially, which could increase your chances of getting your patent approved. Any cross-references to related  patent applications  should be stated (unless already included in the application data sheet), and you should also include a statement regarding any federally sponsored research or development if any. Figure and Special Descriptions (Optional) The figure descriptions of the drawings included with the application tell what each view represents, and should be noted as FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, etc. These items are meant to instruct the agent reviewing your application to what is being presented in each drawing, which can be demonstrated as such: FIG.1 is a perspective view of eyeglasses showing my new design;FIG.2 is a front elevational view thereof;FIG.3 is a rear elevational view thereof;FIG.4 is a side elevational view, the opposite side being a mirror image thereof;FIG.5 is a top view thereof; and,FIG.6 is a bottom view thereof. Any description of the design in the specification, other than a brief description of the drawing, is generally not necessary since, as a general rule, the drawing is the designs best description. However, while not required, a special description is not prohibited. In addition to the figure descriptions, there are many types of special descriptions that are permissible in the specification, which include: A description of the appearance of portions of the claimed design which are not illustrated in the drawing disclosure; a description  disclaiming portions of the article not shown, that form no part of the claimed design; a statement indicating that any broken line illustration of environmental structure in the drawing is not part of the design sought to be patented; and a description denoting the nature and environmental use of the claimed design, if not included in the preamble.

Observing Global Warming & the Harm of It Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Observing Global Warming & the Harm of It - Essay Example Like many are already aware of, carbon dioxide plays a major role in its own right as it comes to the warming of the Earth and the resulting weakness of the global inhabitants that comes as a result of that warming. Another culprit is the continued robbing of the forests through the means of deforestation. Those trees are meant to act in a way that turns the CO2 into breathable oxygen for human consumption. Most importantly, the industrial nature of the modern world has served as a means of killing the natural world that is forced to co-exist with it. The technological desires of mankind have forced the Earth into a tailspin that, if not caught, will continue to force it into a continued destructive phase that will ultimately tear it apart at the core. With the increase in human population and other expansion, it has increased the need for a building that has taken small cities and built them into metropolises of great grander. These Cities feed the advancement of man, without any kind of thought to the environmental damage which is inflicted upon the Earth. As many knows, greed itself sells. Humanistic nature overwhelms, as well as strangles, in most cases, the needs of those things around them, especially in the precious environment that is drowning as each day goes by. The desire of people for their own self-serving interests takes hold and crushes anything in its surrounding path that may interrupt that. As the analysis shows within the presentation, human nature is at the root of the current state of the environment. Humans need shelter to survive and as such trees need to be cut down for the construction of those dwellings. Only those trees are what create the breathing oxygen. Charcoal aids in cooking food, and so much  mo re.  

3D Graphing Engine Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

3D Graphing Engine - Term Paper Example Nowadays geometry engines are called Vertex Shaders since they are programmable and can run so-called (vertex) shader programs to compute and animate the geometry of a scene. Every vertex that needs to be calculated can contain a lot of information, such as an x, y, z coordinate (a 3-dimensional position), texture coordinates, Normal Information (what direction the vertex faces), an identifier (which triangle it belongs to), Skinning parameters, lighting values or just about anything else. However, vertex processing alone does not result in a visible picture.   So as to see all the triangles made up of all the vertices that the vertex shaders have calculated, they need to be colored. Certainly, the invisible object that is a result of the geometry processing needs to be â€Å"wallpapered† so it becomes visible.   To be able to do this, the polygons need to be converted into pixels; this is done during the triangle setup. The pixels are then dealt with in the pixel shaders and pixel pipelines. The color value of a pixel is looked upon a texture; this texture exists in graphics memory as a bitmap that was designed by the 3D artist.   Textures can be available in different resolutions. Higher resolution textures look better; however, use more memory space and more memory bandwidth than lower resolution textures.   For far away objects, this would not only result in wasted processing cycles, but it could also lead to display anomalies. As a result of this, t extures are usually available in different resolutions.   If textures of different resolutions are combined on one object then this is referred to as mip-mapping. This mip-mapping can produce visible borders between the two textures of different resolutions, called mipmap banding.   Moreover, this mipmap banding can be minimized using different filtering techniques. Filtering means that for every pixel to be colored, more than one texel on the texture is looked up and the average is calculated and applied to the pixel.  

Social Psychology - Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Psychology - Persuation - Essay Example If the functional belief and experiential belief are strong enough to out weigh the negative forces / the effect of absence of advertisements, the effect of persuasion gets fulfilled and the brand gets automatically established. Symbolic belief is completely evoked and maintained by advertisements only. The claims normally made by advertisers work well at this symbolic belief system only. Seemingly convincing claims are propagated that easily get assimilated in the minds of listening people who find it no difficult to change their attitude and get persuaded at the convenience of advertisers. I would like to pick an advertisement that promotes some medicine for hair loss. It reads that liver diseases are the predictors of hair loss and cautions the consumers to be careful in using home remedies for hair loss. Is the claim of the advertiser scientifically correct' To analyze the strength of this claim we can conduct an experiment or quasi-experiment with two groups subjected under study. A control group comprising bald subjects without any liver diseases should be treated the same way as the experimental group of liver disease or diabetes. Since hair loss is usually due to hormonal dysfunction/imbalance, the factor of chronic illness becoming the predictor is within the limits of measurability. The illnesses that cause hair loss are generally lupus, diabetes and thyroid imbalance. As such the chronic illness of diabetes can be fixed as an independent variable and the impact of the disease on hair loss could be measured at varying conditions of diabetes. Bald patients could be selected from a cross section of medical care units or hospitals. Bald patients without diabetes could now be conveniently compared with those diabetic patients. The impact of liver disease on hair loss could also be measured at various levels of diabetes. Such confounding variables of levels of diabetes can be controlled at the control group. As long as the experiment is confined to the bald patients of diabetes, the impact of hair loss could be measured at various levels of diabetes in an effectively accurate manner and style if the experiment is properly conducted assigning the subjects randomly, that is by chance, to the experimental and control group so that no biases could sneak into the composition of control group. Similarly a control condition can also be used either for a single individual or for a group of patients. Instead of testing a separate group of bald patients, the same group of bald patients can be tested at a different time keeping everything the same as in the experimental condition except for the single experimental condition of diabetes alone i.e. the independent variable of interest. In this style of test, confounding the order of test with the condition-experimental against the control - would be effectively avoided and balancing he order of conditions for single individuals are carefully balanced. Limitations and conclusion: The viability of the experiment could be tested only to a limited source of independent variables, since the chronic illnesses that stand predictors of hair loss are a few like lupus, diabetes and thyroid dysfunction. Of these three independent variables, the thyroid dysfunction gets eliminated as the hormonal imbalance has little effect on liver derangement, which the advertiser ascribes to hair loss. Among the remaining two

Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society

Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society Abstract The purpose of this article was to explain and discuss cultural intelligence in Thai society where Buddhism plays a very important role to daily life of Thai people. Cultural intelligence is important can be helpful for individuals who interact with people from different cultural backgrounds and help for manage effectively culture differences. According to the model Thomas and Inkson (2004), the development of cultural intelligence occurs in five stages are reactivity, recognition, accommodation, assimilation, and proactive. There are three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness. These characteristics look similarly in Thai culture factors. As Buddhism plays a very important role in the daily life of the Thai people. Since about 95% of the people in the kingdom of Thailand are Buddhist Therefore, Thai society or Thai people have basic from Buddha core teaching which helps people in everywhere to become more to develop cultural i ntelligence. Keywords: cultural intelligence (CQ), development cultural intelligence, Thai society Introduction In the recent year cultural intelligence (CQ) has been introduced into the global business literature (Earley, 2002; Earley Ang, 2003). This concept is meant to reflect the capability to deal effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds. The ability interacts effectively with people who are culturally different. Globalization has been accelerated by a host of factors in the international business environment, including the following: New international trade agreement the growth of international trade the growth of multinational corporations the restructuring and downsizing of organizations the privatization of state enterprise the ability to locate business, particularly manufacturing, wherever cost it lowest the ability to execute financial transactions instantaneously on a global basis the transition of command economies to free markets the expansion of international migration the ability of information and communication technology to transcend time and distance (Th omas Inkson, 2004). Although international commerce may have existed for many years ago, it is only in the past few years that globalization has such a broad effect on business. Until recently only a few very large multinational companies were concerned with foreign operations. For most firms business was largely local, tried closely to the city or region in which they were located, and certainly limited to the confines of the country. Now, business extends across all manner of porous boundaries—some of which have become so porous they have almost ceased to exist—across the entire globe. Even very small firms now have the capability to be global. With a computer, a modem, and telephone connection it is possible to be a global business almost instantaneously. Because of globalization, the environment of business is now more complex, more dynamic, more uncertain, and more competitive than ever before. And there is no evidence that these trends will reverse or decrease (Thomas Inkson, 2004). Globalization of people is the result of dramatic shifts that have taken place in economics, politics, and technology. However, the day-to-day reality of global business involves interactions and relationships with people who are culturally different. In business today, we travel overseas among people from other cultures, we speak with them on international telephone calls, and we correspond with them be e-mail. Even in our home cities, we notice that more and more of our colleagues, our clients, and even the people we pass in the street are observable from cultures different from our own. The trend is inexorable. The range of different cultural backgrounds in huge; colleagues, business associates, and contacts probable represent countries or ethnic groups from all over the world. Johansen and McLean (2006) said that: Globalization, communications technology, immigration, an increased focus on religion and spirituality, and the ease of both domestic and international travel offer an opportunity to work, learn, and interact with people whose backgrounds differ from our own. To be effective, HRD practitioners must recognize how cultural background, assumptions, and view of the world influence an understanding. (P. 1) Culture can be seen as shaping the nature of social structures as they grow and adapt (Hofstede, 1991). Earley, Ang, and Tan (2006) suggested that â€Å"cultural intelligence as operating within a diversity context consisting of at least three layers – individual, team, and organization† (p. 168). As mention above, Earley (2002) concluded that it is a challenge to create suitable behavior in a new cultural setting that makes cultural intelligence unique. What is exactly cultural intelligence look like? How to improve cultural intelligence? Thomas and Inkson (2004) suggested three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness. They also describe that culturally intelligent people see the connections between a culture and its context, history, and value orientations. People realize that knowledge of the culture of a country or region is only valuable in the context of understanding its religious, philosophical, and historical issues. All of these inspire the author to think about what does the relationship between cultural intelligence in my home county, Thailand. Thai culture has been greatly influenced by Buddhism. Thai culture is often known as â€Å"Thai-Buddhist culture† (Dhirvegin, 1998, p. 13). Buddhism plays a very important role in the daily life of the Thai people. Since about 95% of the people in the kingdom of Thailand are Buddhist (Chadchaidee, 2005). Do any Thai people really need to develop cultural intelligence? If yes, what kinds of cultural intelligence that Thai people needed? Purpose of the article This article is aims to explain and discus about cultural intelligence issue especially in Thai society. In order to clearly understanding, the author will present the concept of cultural intelligence, Thai culture and society, Buddhist core teaching will be discussed. Cultural Intelligence Issue There are many scholars define cultural intelligence (Earley, 2002; Early Ang, 2003; Earley, Ang Tan, 2006; Erley Mosakowski, 2004; Earley Peterson, 2004; Tomas, 2006; Thomas Inkson, 2004). In this section, the author will present an overview of cultural intelligence that including definition of cultural intelligence, components of cultural intelligence, characteristics supportive of cultural intelligence, and developmental stages of cultural intelligence. Cultural intelligence, one component of cultural competence, is defined as â€Å"a person’s capability to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts† (Earley Ang, 2003, p. 59). More specifically, cultural intelligence is â€Å"a seemingly natural ability to interpret someone’s unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures the way that person’s compatriots would and colleagues would, even to mirror them† (Earley Mosakowaski, 2004, p. 140). Cultural intelligence captures a person’s capability to adapt effectively to new cultural contexts and it has both process and content features (Earley Ang, 2003; Thomas Inkson, 2004). Similar to earlier definitions, Thomas and Inkson (2004) present the three component of cultural intelligence.   According to the Figure 1, Thomas and Inkson (2004) described at first, the culturally intelligent manger requires knowledge of culture and of the fundamental principles of cross-cultural interactions. This means knowing what culture is how cultures vary, and how culture affects behavior. Second, the culturally intelligent manager needs to practice mindfulness, the ability to pay attention in a reflective and creative way to cues in the cross-cultural situations encountered. The last, based on knowledge and mindfulness, the culturally intelligent manager develops behavioral skills, and becomes competent across a wide range of situations. These skills involve choosing the appropriate behavior from a well-developed repertoire of behaviors that are correct for different intercultural situations. All of three elements are interrelated with the other. This knowledge is only the beginning to becoming culturally intelligent. Cultural intelligence involves understanding the fundamentals of intercultural interaction, developing a mindfulness approach to intercultural interactions and finally building adaptive skills and a repertoire of behaviors so that one is effective in different intercultural situations. If we accept the notion that cultural intelligence is learned over time through intercultural interactions we can also envision that individuals pass through various stages of development in their level of cultural intelligence. Thomas and Inkson (2004 pp. 66-68) presented five stages to develop cultural intelligence including: Stage 1: Reactivity to external stimuli. A starting point is mindlessly following ones own cultural rules and norms. This stage is typical of individuals with very little exposure to, or interest in, other cultures. Parochial individuals do not even recognize that cultural differences exist. If they do, they consider them inconsequential. People at this stage of development can be heard to say things like â€Å"I dont see differences, and I treat everyone the same.†. Stage 2: Recognition of other cultural norms and motivation to learn more about them. Experience and mindfulness produce a newfound awareness of the multicultural mosaic that surrounds us. A heightened sense of mindfulness presents a sometimes-overwhelming amount of new information Curiosity is aroused, and the individual wants to lean more. People at this stage often struggle to sort through the complexity of the cultural environment. They search for simple rules of thumb to guide their behavior. Stage 3: Accommodation of other culture norms and rules in ones own mind. Reliance on absolutes disappears. A deeper understanding of cultural variation begins to develop. The cultural norms and rules of various societies begin to seem comprehensible and even reasonable in their context. The recognition of appropriate behavioral responses to different cultural situations develops; however, only fairly obvious cues are attended to, and adaptive behavior takes a lot of effort and is often awkward. People at this stage know what to say and do in a variety of cultural situations. However, they have to think about it, and adaptive behavior does not feel natural. Stage 4: Assimila tion of diverse cultural norms into alternative behaviors. At this stage adjusting to different situations no longer requires much effort. Individuals develop a repertoire of behaviors from which they can choose depending on the specific cultural situation. They actively experiment with new behavior. They function in a number of different cultures almost effortlessly and with no more stress than if they were in their home culture- Members of other cultures accept them as culturally knowledgeable and feel comfortable interacting with them. They feel at home, almost anywhere, Stage 5: Proactivity in cultural behavior based on recognition of changing cues that others do not perceive. People who are highly culturally intelligent have the ability, through continuous sampling of internal states and external cues, to sense changes in cultural context, sometimes even before members of the other culture. They are so attuned to the nuances of intercultural interactions that they almost automa tically adjust their behavior to anticipate these changes and facilitate better intercultural interactions among others. They seem to intuitively know what behaviors are required and how to execute them effectively. Individuals at this stage of development may be quite rare; however, it is a level of cultural intelligence to which we all might aspire. Griffer and Perlis (2007) stated that the development of cultural intelligence begins with a study of self and the awareness that everyone has a multi-perspective identity. Many people look into a mirror and describe themselves on the basis of what they see and subsequently describe others in the same way. Looking into that mirror, we see characteristics that can be easily described as race. Multi-perspective identity is defined as â€Å"characteristics of our identity that enable each individual to view reality through specific perspectives based upon ability, age, ethnicity, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class† (Perlis, 2001 p. 11). This concept can certainly incorporate other forms of difference that comprise one’s identity; however, the definition for our work addressing the development of cultural intelligence will focus on these basic cultural characteristics. As pre-service we begin to see themselves as multi-perspective individual s and understand the interrelationships between these forms of their identity, they will develop cultural intelligence. Thomas Inkson (2004) suggested the possession or development of these underlying characteristics – integrity, openness, and hardiness – can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence easier. Integrity is â€Å"having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior† (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). People differ in the ways they describe our inner self cannot be directly known by other people. It is important for us to have an honest understanding of ourselves. Openness is â€Å"showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others† (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). It is mean inquisitiveness particularly about people from different cultures. Hardiness is â€Å"robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. If we are hardy we can cope with stress, recover from shocks, and perceive stressful events as interesting and meaningful and as an opportunity for growth and learning. † (Thomas Inkson, 2004 p. 65). In summary, Cultural intelligence is a person’s aptitude to task successfully with people from different culture background and understanding. Cultural intelligence has three component of cultural intelligence include with knowledge, mindfulness, and behavior. The development of cultural intelligence occurs in five stages are reactivity, recognition, accommodation, assimilation, and proactive. Finally, the author present three characteristics to increase cultural intelligence including integrity, openness, and hardiness can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. The next section the author will present about Thai culture and society. Thai Culture and Society Thailand is situated in the heart of Southeast Asia with Bangkok as the capital city. Thailand spreads out over 513,115 square kilometers of land and stretches some 1,620 kilometers from north to south and 775 kilometers from east to west. Thailand is divided into four natural regions: the north, northeast, the central plain, and the south. The Kingdom, a society that is also free, cohesive, and open, remains one of the most attractive places in the world to visit and conduct business. Buddhism is the faith of approximately 95 percent of the population (About Thailand, 2007). Today, Thai people share a rich ethnic diversity, Mon, Khmer, Tai, Chinese, Malay, Laotian, and Indian stock, with the result that there is no typically Thai. About 80% of all Thais are connected in some way with agriculture, which influences and is influenced by the religious ceremonies and festivals that help make Thailand such a distinctive country (UNDP: Thailand Human Development Report, 2007). It should be noted that the concepts of Thai culture are mostly similar to Buddhist principle. Buddhist principles are pragmatic (Payutto, 2003) as we can see from one of the teachings about pairs that though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but put the precepts into practice, forsaking lust, hatred and delusion, with right knowledge, with mind well freed, cling to nothing here or hereafter, he has a share in religious life (Wannapok, 1988). There are the main ideas of Buddhism are contained in the statements known as The Noble Eightfold Path and the Middle Way. Truth defines the Buddhist way of life and contains ail the ethical teaching and practices of Buddhism. It provides the way and means to attain the goal as set forth in the third Truth. This way is called the Noble Eightfold Path as it consists of eight factors as show in Table 1. Table 1: The Noble Eightfold Path as it corresponds to the Threefold Training The Threefold Training The Noble Eightfold Path ‘Panna’ or Wisdom Right View Right Thought ‘Sila’ or Morality Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood ‘Samadhi’ or Meditation Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration. Knietim (2009) suggested that Right View is means to see and to understand things as they really. As such, right view is the cognitive aspect of wisdom. Right Thought is the kind of mental energy that controls our actions. It can be described best as commitment to ethical and mental self-improvement. Right Speech is importance of speech can save lives or break, make friends or enemies. Right Action is expression and involves bodily actions. Right action means to act kindly and compassionately, to be honest, to respect the belongings of others, and to keep sexual relationships harmless to others. Right Livelihood means that one should earn ones living in a righteous way and that wealth should be gained legally and peacefully. Right effort is mental energy, it is the force behind right effort. The same type of energy that fuels desire, envy, aggression, and violence can on the other side fuel self-discipline, honesty, benevolence, and kindness. Right mindfulness is the ability to see t hings as they are, with clear consciousness. Right mindfulness enables us to be aware of the process of conceptualization in a way that we actively observe and control the way our thoughts go. Right Concentration is through the practice of meditation. The meditating mind focuses on a selected object. Through this practice it becomes natural to apply elevated levels concentration also in everyday situations The eight aspects of the path are not to be understood as a sequence of single steps, instead they are highly interdependent principles that have to be seen in relationship with each other. The eight factors of the Path are therefore organized into a system called the Threefold Training of morality (comprising the Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood factors), concentration or thought development (comprising the Right Effort,  Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration factors), and wisdom (consisting of the Right View, and Right Thought factors) (Chanchamnong, 2003). One of the most complex values in Thai culture is â€Å"The concept of Kreng Jai†. It is very difficult for foreigners to understand. This concept is the concept of being â€Å"considerate†. Komin asserts that this concept underlies a significant portion of everyday interpersonal behavioral patterns of the Thais (Komin, 1990). She further explained that: Its closest meaning is to be considerate, to feel reluctant to impose upon another person, to take another persons feelings (and ego) into account, or to take every measure not to cause discomfort or inconvenience for another person. Kreng jai refers to such attitude predisposing to ones resulting behavior towards someone else. Kreng jai behavior is to be observed by all, superiors, equals, and inferiors, including intimate relationships like husband-wife, and close friends, with differences in degree. (pp. 161-162) In general, Thai people helps others people without expecting any return or any compensation. At the same time the person who receives help will feel indebted to the helper and he will remember that and try to repay or return the favor at a later date. This is one of culture factor called â€Å"The concept of helping each other† (Joungtrakul, 2008). One of the most important in Thai society is the concept of ‘Bunkhun’. Thai people deeply and will be quite difficult to change. There are limitations in applying this concept as it may go beyond proper practice. However, to ignore or to delete it from a model would be difficult and may cause some problems in practice. Its removal could do more harm than good. There is no doubt Buddhism has a conscious significant role in the everyday Thai life. With regard to religious activities, likewise, the Thai are constantly engaged in merit-makings, and numerous other religious ceremonies. These activities are religious rituals. And as a Buddhist country, there are such activities to perform all year round, at home, at work, and in the community. Komin (1990) described that Thai people are sympathetic to others and it becomes the nature of the Thais in general. The application of this concept will create cooperative attitudes and collective efforts by the two parties to achieve common goals. Thai people also practice this concept in their daily lives and the phase of ‘meet half way’ is understandable by the Thais. This concept calls â€Å"The concept of compromising†. As the Thai culture is a â€Å"Thai-Buddhism culture† (Dhiravegin, 1998, p.l3), the middle path is a way of life for a Thai. Thais are compromising in nature and try to avoid any explicit confrontation. Thais follow the Buddhist principles of helping all people. This is usually done by joining in constructively creating social harmony and unity according to the four principles of helpful integration (Sangaha-Vatthu), which are: (1) Dana: giving, sharing (helping through money material goods); (2) Piyavaca: amicable speech (helping through words); (3) Atthacariy: helpful action (helping through physical effort); (4) Samarattata: participation (helping through problem solving) (Payutto, 2000 p.7). Buddhism Role’s and Cultural Intelligence in Thai Society According to three characteristic of Thomas and Inkson concept, there are integrity, openness, and hardiness which can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. They explain that ‘Integrity’ is having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior. ‘Openness’ is showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others. ‘Hardiness’ is robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. In the view point of the author, these three characteristic of develop cultural intelligence relate to some part of Buddha’s core teaching that show in Table 2. Characteristics to improve cultural intelligence relate to Buddha’s core teachings Characteristics Buddha’s core teachings Integrity Chanda: the will or aspiration. This is compatible with the faith that leads to achieving wisdom (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). Openness Citta: Thoughtfulness, i.e. making a conscious effort to think analytically in order to achieve the right views (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). Hardiness Viriya: the effort, the energy which one exerts in the right way to accomplish the right view (Chanchamnong, 2003, Payutto, 2003). According to Table 2 shown the relationship between the three characteristics to improve cultural intelligence relate to Buddha’s core teachings is very closely. For the stages of cultural intelligence development, from literature review and compare between cultural intelligence concept of Thomas and Inkson (2004) with Buddhist principle concept especially as shown Table 2. The author beliefs that in Thai society, Thai people will be getting into develop stage of cultural intelligence with not too different. In fact the Buddha core teaching trains the people go to be the good person like other religion, help each other’s sympathy and support the society. Indeed, the Buddha core teaching focus in human resource development specially begins from self development, physical and mentor. That is mean the people who develop their own self will gain more cultural intelligence. Conclusion Cultural intelligence is important for individuals who interact with people from different countries, religious background – those with different cultural backgrounds. Cultural intelligence is a person’s aptitude to task successfully with people from different culture background and understanding. According to three characteristic of Thomas and Inkson concept, there are integrity, openness, and hardiness which can support acquisition of a cultural intelligence. They explain that ‘Integrity’ is having a well-developed sense of self and understanding how one’s own belief system motivates behavior. ‘Openness’ is showing deferential respect and a willingness to learn from others. ‘Hardiness’ is robustness, courage, intrepidness, and capability of surviving unfavorable conditions. Three characteristic of develop cultural intelligence have relate to Buddhist core teaching. Indeed, the Buddha taught many things, but the basic concepts in Buddhism explains a purpose to life, it explains apparent injustice and inequality around the world and it provides a code of practice or way of life that leads to right happiness. Buddhism in Thailand is strongly influenced by traditional beliefs regarding ancestral and natural spirits. Therefore, Buddha ways can help Thai people to develop a repertoire of behavioral skills appropriate to different intercultural situations and will be able to choose the right ones for a given interaction. The Thai word say â€Å"Khao mueng tar-lew, tong lew-tar tarm†, the meaning in English is â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans do† as a great cultural intelligence. References Chadchaidee T. (2005). Essay on Thailand. (17th enlarged edit.). Bangkok: Thanapol Vitayakarn. Chanchamnong S. (2003). The Buddha’s core teachings. Bangkok: Saisungsukaphapjai. Dhiravegin, L. (1998). 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